New study identifies immune signals that track visceral Leishmaniasis treatment success

A new study published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases provides important insights into how patients with visceral leishmaniasis recover during treatment, identifying key immune and inflammatory markers that may help track treatment success.

March 2026

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the most severe form of leishmaniasis, remains a major public health challenge, with East Africa accounting for around 70% of the global disease burden. The disease primarily affects vulnerable populations, including malnourished children, young adults, and individuals co-infected with HIV, and can be fatal if left untreated. Despite progress in treatment, monitoring patient response remains a major challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings where access to advanced diagnostics is restricted.

The ImmStat@Cure study, conducted in the context of the EVI-led PREV_PKDL project, investigated systemic immune responses in patients undergoing treatment for visceral leishmaniasis across multiple sites in East Africa. Researchers identified specific inflammatory biomarkers that change in a measurable way during treatment, offering potential tools to assess how well patients respond to therapy.

The study results show that reductions in systemic inflammation and recovery of key blood parameters are closely linked to treatment response in visceral leishmaniasis, demonstrating the potential of immune biomarkers to improve how treatment response is monitored in visceral leishmaniasis. Such tools could support more timely and targeted clinical decision-making, particularly in settings where current monitoring options are limited.

Further studies are needed to validate the predictive value of these biomarkers, particularly in patients who experience treatment failure. Such work could pave the way for more precise and effective monitoring strategies in regions most affected by the disease.

Read full study: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013749

Learn more about PREV_PKDL project 

This project is part of the EDCTP2 Programme supported by the European Union (RIA2016V-1640)

Thumbnail Image: Leishmania mexicana parasite in the promastigote stage, SEM. University of Oxford, Richard Wheeler. Source: Wellcome Collection.